Design of natural fiber composites utilizing interfacial crystallinity and affinity

Butanediol initiated poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has recently been reported as a toughening agent for cationically curing cycloaliphatic epoxides providing plasticized thermosets with excellent properties (Lützen et al., 2013). In this contribution that promising toughening approach was applied for the first time for the development of novel natural fiber composites (NFC). NFCs based on conventional brittle thermosetting polymers often suffer from poor interfacial adhesion and stress cracking. Composites made up of the novel plasticized thermosets and woven flax fiber preserved the elastomer-like properties and increased tensile strength and elongation at break up to 60 MPa and 5%, respectively. Furthermore, PCL was shown not only to toughen the epoxide but also to modulate the affinity of the matrix to the fiber. In conclusion, improved interfacial adhesion and the resulting excellent mechanical properties of cationically curable NFCs were achieved by both interfacial crystallization and affinity.     

快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂的贮存期稳定性研究

对制备的快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂的贮存稳定性进行了较为全面的研究,考察期为6个月。在6个月的贮存期过程中,就酚醛树脂胶黏剂的黏度、凝胶时间及力学性能分别进行了测试,研究了其变化规律。同时为了深入研究贮存期对酚醛树脂胶黏剂的固化行为和官能团的影响,又利用了DSC和IR对不同贮存期的酚醛树脂胶黏剂进行表征。研究结果表明,该快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂在6个月内具有较好的贮存期稳定性。     

二硫代焦磷酸酯微胶囊阻燃PVA纤维的制备及性能

采用原位聚合的方法制备了以新戊二醇二硫代焦磷酸酯(DDPS)为核、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)为壳的阻燃微胶囊(MDDPS),分别将DDPS和MDDPS无卤阻燃剂与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混纺丝,制备了无卤阻燃PVA纤维;表征了MDDPS的结构及形貌,研究了纯PVA纤维、DDPS/PVA纤维、MDDPS/PVA纤维的力学性能、阻燃性能、热稳定性、燃烧前后的形貌。结果表明:微胶囊MDDPS的平均粒径增大至7.82μm,仍能满足共混纺丝要求;DDPS及MDDPS的加入,PVA纤维力学性能下降;MDDPS/PVA纤维阻燃性能较好,极限氧指数达31.3%,燃烧时膨胀较为明显,且600℃时残炭率达到19.1%,炭层较为致密,有气泡产生,释放不燃性气体阻止了燃烧。     

竹粉增强木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

采用热压成型工艺制备了竹粉增强的木质素-环氧树脂复合材料,探讨了竹粉的添加量及其粒径对复合材料力学性能及热机械性能(DMA)的影响。研究结果表明,随着竹粉含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度与冲击强度均增大;粒径适中(40~80目)的竹粉增强的木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度最佳。随着竹粉含量的增加,复合材料的初始储能模量逐渐增大,玻璃化转变温度先升高而后降低;粒径适中(40~80目)的竹粉的添加对材料初始储能模量的提升有利。适当提高木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的交联密度,可以得到更好的力学性能。     

催化剂对低游离酚低游离醛酚醛树脂的性能影响研究

在P/F=1∶1.6情况下,分别以氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡、氨水、氧化锌为催化剂,催化苯酚与多聚甲醛合成高固含量酚醛树脂。研究了催化剂用量和种类对树脂黏度、固含量、游离酚、游离醛,以及固化后树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明:浸渍和胶合用酚醛树脂,以氢氧化钠制备的酚醛树脂的综合性能最优;氢氧化钠用量为3.5%时,树脂黏度为3.0Pa·s,固含量为86%,游离酚为4.0%,游离醛为0.4%且合成树脂预聚体的p H9.5,为弱碱性。     

硫磺固化烯丙基环氧树脂的动力学研究

通过非等温和等温差式扫描量热法(DSC)对硫磺(S)固化2,2’-二烯丙基双酚A型环氧树脂(DADGEBA)的动力学进行了研究。从DSC曲线两个放热峰得知,DADGEBA/S体系是两步反应,通过等温DSC分析确定该体系在温度高于170℃低于210℃时满足Kamal自催化模型,通过非等温DSC确定该体系在温度高于210℃时,满足n级反应模型,得到了动力学模型的相关参数。DADGEAB/S体系在整个固化反应过程中满足两种动力学机理函数,这与DADGEBA/S体系双固化机理相符。     

快速固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂的研制

以缩短酚醛树脂固化时间为目的,使用纳米氧化铝为催化剂,丁腈橡胶为增韧剂,AlCl3络合物为固化促进剂,制备了一种能够快速固化的酚醛树脂胶黏剂。通过固化时间、DSC、TG和力学性能等测试,结果表明,当加入15%丁腈橡胶和2%AlCl3络合物时,酚醛树脂胶黏剂的增韧效果和固化速度均为最佳,可在180℃下20min内实现快速固化,同时具有优异的耐热性能和力学性能。     

Morphological and mechanical study of nanostructured epoxy systems modified with amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide)triblock copolymer

Thermosetting systems based on DGEBA epoxy resin and poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) (EPE) triblock copolymer were prepared and investigated. Different mixtures were obtained by using different contents of EPE block copolymer in order to study the influence of the modifier on the properties of the final materials. All thermosetting systems were prepared without using any solvent and were cured at ambient temperature, taking into account the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of the block copolymer. DSC results indicated that the addition of block copolymer affected to the curing reaction time and to the glass transition temperature of the mixtures and also the miscibility of EPE triblock copolymer in the epoxy resin was proved. The morphologies studied by AFM and TEM showed clear nanostructuration up to 25 wt % EPE content. The addition of 5 and 15 wt % of EPE block copolymer led to a considerable improvement in the toughness of the materials. When EPE block copolymer was added to the epoxy resin, the surface became more hydrophilic and the UV–vis transmittance decreased slightly maintaining a high level of transparency.     

高固体分、高羟值聚酯树脂的合成及性能研究

通过设计羟基聚酯树脂分子结构,选择六氢苯酐、1,6-己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯等原料,制备了高固体分、高羟值聚酯树脂,研究了不同原材料及合成工艺对树脂性能的影响。结果表明:采用脂环族二元酸制备的聚酯树脂综合性能优于芳香族及脂肪族二元酸制备的聚酯树脂;三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯分子中的环状结构对相邻的酯键起到了"屏蔽"作用,提高了树脂的耐水性;叔碳酸缩水甘油酯用量为固体树脂总量的15%时聚酯树脂的综合性能较好。     

以凝胶时间表征环氧树脂6101固化反应动力学方程

由旋转黏度计测定了环氧树脂6101分别与3种固化剂所形成的体系在固化过程中剪切黏度随时间的变化曲线,用环形剪切法处理获得相应的凝胶时间。考察了凝胶时间与固化剂、溶剂含量及固化温度等的变化规律,并以凝胶时间作为固化速度的表征,分别建立了相应体系的固化动力学方程。所建立的固化动力学方程,能同时适用于有无溶剂场合,可根据体系的组成(环氧树脂、固化剂和溶剂)及固化温度预测其凝胶时间,为优化防腐涂料配方及固化工艺提供了理论指导。